Fig. 5
From: Tumor-associated myeloid cells in cancer immunotherapy
Potential therapeutic strategies for heterogeneous TAMCs. (1) Inhibiting tumor-promoting myelopoiesis. Intervention strategies aganist G-CSF and GM-CSF can reverse the direction of differentiation. Selectively eliminating tumor-promoting spleen EMH can inhibit the extramedullary TAMCs generation. The function of the EPO requires further discussion. (2) Blocking expansion and recruitment of TAMCs. Inhibition of CCL2/CCR2, VEGF/VEGFR and CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling pathways, and S100A8/9 can prevent the recruitment and accumulation of TAMCs. (3) Mitigating the immunosuppressive ability of TAMCs. In addition to PD-L1 inhibitor, inhibition of several myeloid receptor tyrosine kinases, and CDDO-Me, celecoxib, etc., can also mitigate the immunosuppressive ability of TAMCs. TLR agonists, anti-CD40 mAb, Car-M, and several small molecules can promote the maturation of TAMs and MDSCs. (4) Depleting directly. Zoledronate, sunitinib and some chemotherapeutic drugs can directly deplete TAMCs. Targeting scavenging receptor CD163 and S100A family proteins can selectively deplete TAMCs