Table 2 Technologies used for studying TAMCs

TAM

Origin

Ms4a3^TdT, Ms4a3^Cre, Ms4a3^CreERT2 mouse models to specifically dissect monocyte-differentiation pathways

Biomarkers

F4/80, CD11b, CD86, CD206, etc

Chemotaxis

Anti-CCL2 antibody, CCL5-KO mouse, etc., used to block TAM recruitment

Regulation

Anti-M-CSF antibody, anti-CSF-1R antibody, etc., used to interfere with TAM differentiation

Function

Liposomal clodronate, CD11b-DTR mouse, etc., used to verify the effect of TAM clearance

MDSC

Origin

Splenectomy is performed to determine the origin of splenic MDSC

Biomarkers

CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD66b, HLA-DR (human) and CD11b, Ly6G, Ly6C (mouse), etc

Chemotaxis

CXCR2 blockade, CXCR4 blockade, etc., used to inhibit MDSC recruitment

Regulation

GM-CSF overexpression cell line (e.g. B16-GM), anti-GM-CSF antibody, etc., used to explore the factors regulating MDSC differentiation

Function

(a) Anti-Gr-1 antibody, etc., used to consume MDSC

(b) DR5 agonist, LXR agonist, etc., used to induce apoptosis of MDSC

TAN

Origin

Label by ^mNPPFC (mNP specifically bind to CD177) to follow TAN

Biomarkers

CD15, CD16, CD66b, CD14, HLA-DR (human) and CD11b, Ly6G (mouse), etc

Chemotaxis

CXCR2 blockade, etc., used to inhibit TAN recruitment

Regulation

Anti-TGF-βantibody, anti-IFN-γantibody, etc., used to explore the regulation of TAN polarization

Function

(a) Clear by anti-Ly6G antibody

(b) Induce by G-CSF

TADC

Origin

Zbtb46-GFP mouse to track TADC

Biomarkers

BDCA-1, BDCA-2, BDCA-3, BDCA-4, CD141, CD1c, CD11c, IL-3Ra, CD45R, CD317, Siglec-H, etc

Chemotaxis

Anti-CCL5 antibody, anti-CXCL12 antibody, etc., used to block TADC recruitment

Regulation

Anti-TGF-β antibody, anti-TPO antibody, etc., used to explore the factors regulating TADC differentiation

Function

CD11c-DTR mouse, Zbtb46-2A-CreERT2 mouse, etc., used to conditionally remove TADC