Table 1 Lipid metabolism in immune cells
From: Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics
Immune cell | Lipid metabolic alteration | Effect on immune cells | Mechanism | Treatment Strategy | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD8+ T cells | FAO↑ | Maintained anti-tumor function through FAO upregulation | Promoted switch from glycolysis to FAO by PD-1; Activated the expression of PPAR, STAT3 signaling | Promoting FAO and related signals; Inhibiting metabolic conversion through PD-1 blockade | |
Lipid uptake↑ LPO↑ | Impaired CD8+ T cell function for tumor progression | CD36 upregulation; Increased lipid accumulation for ferroptosis | Targeting CD36; Degrading lipid peroxides | ||
Treg cells | Lipid uptake↑ | Enhanced the immunosuppression effect | CD36 upregulation; | Targeting CD36 | |
FAS↑ FAO↑ | Elevated the level of Treg cell Enhanced the immunosuppression effect | Activated the expression of SREBP, PI3K and PD-1; FASN upregulation; | Targeting SREBP and PD-1 | ||
TAMs | Lipid uptake↑ FAS↑ | Released pro-tumorigenic cytokines Enhanced the immunosuppression effect | CD36 upregulation; Increased LD accumulation | Targeting CD36 | |
FAO↑ | Increased M2-like polarization; Enhanced the immunosuppression effect | Activated the expression of PPAR signaling; Enhanced the rate of FAO | Targeting FAO | ||
DCs | Lipid uptake↑ FAO ↑ | Reduced the ability of T cell stimulation | Atg5 downregulation; CD36 and CPT1 upregulation; | Targeting FAO and CD36; PD-1 blockade | |
LPO↑ | Impaired DC function for tumor progression | Activated the expression of XBP1; Lipid peroxide accumulation | Degrading lipid peroxides | [202] | |
NK cells | Lipid uptake↑ LPO↑ | Impaired NK cell function for tumor progression | CD36 upregulation; Activated the expression of PPAR signaling; Increased lipid peroxide accumulation | Degrading lipid peroxides | |
MDSCs | Lipid uptake↑ | Enhanced the immunosuppression effect | FATPs, VLDLR and CD36 upregulation; Activated the expression of STAT3; | Targeting FTAPs and CD36 | |
FAO↑ | Enhanced the immunosuppression effect | CPT1 upregulation | Targeting FAO | [222] |