Fig. 1

Construction of the Nb library and screening for hFAP-specific Nbs. A Schematic flow of the general procedure for the preparation of hFAP-specific Nbs. B SDS‒PAGE gel analysis for six hFAP Nbs. C Flow cytometry analysis of hFAP Nbs that strongly bind to FAP⁺ HepG2-FAP cells and U87 cells but not to FAP⁻ HepG2 cells. D The binding affinity index KD (M) value of hFAP Nbs was measured by SPR analysis