Table 2 Biomaterials for ROS scavenging

Enzymatic biomaterials

Natural enzymes-based biomaterials

CAT-based materials

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen and water

Anti-inflammation wound dressing

[103,104,105]

SOD-based materials

Catalysis of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide

Chronic wound healing; trauma treatment

[106, 107]

Modulating natural enzymes biomaterials

Nrf2-activating materials

Activation of Nrf2

Skin inflammation; traumatic brain injury; osteoporotic bone defects

[108,109,110]

Collagen-based sponge

Activation of SOD and GPx

Wound healing

[111, 112]

Bioactive glasses containing Sr

Activation of SOD, CAT, and GPx

Repair and regeneration of wound and bone

[113, 114]

Nanozymes

Ce-contained nanozymes

SOD- and CAT-mimetic nanozyme activities

Periodontitis;

Acute lung injury;

Spinal cord injury;

Refractory wound healing;

Diabetic wound healing

Age-related macular degeneration;

Premature skin aging and cancer;

Sepsis

[117, 118, 121,122,123]

Mn-contained nanozymes

SOD- and CAT-mimetic nanozyme activities

Ear inflammation;

Gingivitis;

Periodontitis

[116, 128,129,130]

Cu-contained nanozymes

GPx-, SOD-, and CAT-mimetic nanozyme activities

Acute kidney injury;

Acute liver injury;

Wound healing

[132, 133]

Pt-contained nanozymes

GPx-, SOD-, and CAT-mimetic nanozyme activities

Osteoarthritis;

UVB-induced inflammation

[134,135,136]

Prussian blue-contained nanozymes

[137,138,139]

Carbon dots nanozymes

[140, 141]

Prussian blue-contained nanozymes

POD-, SOD-, and CAT-mimetic nanozyme activities

Osteoarthritis;

Hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury;

Wound healing

[246–248]

Carbon dots nanozyme

SOD-mimetic nanozyme activities

Ulcerative colitis

[249, 250]

Artificial selenoenzymes

Diphenyl diselenide

GPx-mimetic activity

Chronic T. gondii infection;

Ischemia/reperfusion;

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

[143,144,145]

Ebselen

GPx-mimetic activity

Influenza;

Glioma;

H. pylori-induced cell damage

[146,147,148]

Direct ROS scavenging biomaterials

Polyphenols

Curcumin

Free radical scavenging by H-atom transfer or electron transfer

Neuroprotection;

Wound healing;

Ischemia‒reperfusion injury;

Acute kidney injury;

Acute liver injury;

Ankle inflammation

[151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162, 251]

Polydopamine

Free radical scavenging;

Chelation of metal ions;

SOD-mimetic activity

Periodontitis;

Acute kidney injury;

inflammatory bowel disease

[163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171]

Tannic acid

Free radical scavenging;

Chelation of metal ions

Wound healing;

Inflammatory bowel disease;

Liver injury;

Ischemic stroke;

Cognitive impairment;

Skin protection;

Bone renovation and regeneration;

Osteoarthritis

[173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186]

H2-based materials

–

Chemical reactions with ROS;

Activation of Nrf2;

Activation of SOD and GSH;

Downregulation of NOX-2

Airway disease;

Periodontitis;

Psoriasis;

Foot inflammation

[187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197]

Sulfur-based oxidation-responsive biomaterials

Thioether/sulfoxide-contained biomaterials

Redox reactions with ROS

Neuroprotection;

Diabetes;

Interstitial cystitis;

Rheumatoid arthritis

[198, 201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209]

Thioacetals/thioketals-contained biomaterials

Redox reactions with ROS

Ankle inflammation;

Ischemic wound healing;

Repair of bone defects

[151, 202]

Hydrogen sulfide

Redox reactions with ROS

Cardiovascular inflammatory diseases;

Neurodegenerative diseases

[210,211,212,213]

Bilirubin-derived biomaterials

–

Free radicals scavenging by H-atom;

Bilirubin–biliverdin cycle;

Intranuclear regulation concerning Nrf2, HO-1, and antioxidants

Asthma; acute pancreatitis;

osteoarthritis;

Ulcerative colitis;

Cardiac ischemia–Reperfusion injury;

Hepatic ischemia–Reperfusion injury;

Rosacea;

Psoriasis;

Pulmonary fibrosis

[218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228]

ROS generation-inhibiting biomaterials

NOX-inhibiting biomaterials

–

Downregulation the production of ROS by inhibiting NOX

Arthritis;

Ulcerative colitis;

Asthma;

Ischemia/reperfusion-Induced brain injury

[229, 230, 232, 252, 253]

XO-inhibiting biomaterials

–

Downregulation the production of ROS by inhibiting XO

Anti-inflammation;

Hyperuricemia

[233, 234]

LOX-inhibiting biomaterials

–

Downregulation the production of ROS by inhibiting LOX

Peritonitis;

Asthma

[236, 237]

ETC-regulating biomaterials

–

Downregulation the production of ROS by regulating the activities of ETC

Alzheimer’s disease

[239,240,241,242, 254]