Optical nanomaterial-based detection of biomarkers in liquid biopsy

Kim, Young Jun; Rho, Won-Yeop; Park, Seung-min; Jun, Bong-Hyun

doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01531-y

Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Table 4 The optical nanomaterial-based biosensors for the multiplexed detection of protein LB markers

From: Optical nanomaterial-based detection of biomarkers in liquid biopsy

Biomarker	Disease	Optical Nanomaterial	Biorecognition Element	Detection Method	Matrix	Limit of Detection	Linear Range	Clinical Sample [a]	Note
AFP	Lung Cancer	QDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	250 fM	25 fM–250 nM	–	2010 [107]
CEA	Lung Cancer	QDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	250 fM	25 fM–250 nM	–	2010 [107]
CEA	Lung Cancer	QDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	1.0 ng/mL	3–100 ng/mL	Serum (n = 25)	2011 [108]
NSE	Lung Cancer	QDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	1.0 ng/mL	3–100 ng/mL	Serum (n = 25)	2011 [108]
AFP	Lung Cancer	AuNPs	Antibody	LSPR	Serum	91 fM	10–10⁶ fM	–	2015 [109]
CEA						94 fM	10–10⁶ fM
PSA						10 fM	10–10⁶ fM
AFP	Liver Cancer	CdSe/ZnS QDs	Antibody	SPR Spectroscopy	Buffer	0.1 ng/mL	0.1–1000 ng/mL	–	2016 [110]
CEA	Colorectal Cancer					0.1 ng/mL	0.1–1000 ng/mL
CYFRA 21–1	Lung Cancer					0.1 ng/mL	0.1–1000 ng/mL
PSA	Cancer	SiNPs (w/ SiC@Ag Substrate)	Antibody	SERS Spectroscopy	N/A	1.79 fg/mL	10^–4–10^–1 ng/mL	Serum (n = 5)	2016 [70]
AFP						0.46 fg/mL	10^–4–10^–1 ng/mL
CA 19–9						1.3 × 10⁻³ U/mL	10^–1–10³ U/mL
CEA	Lung Cancer	QDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	38 pg/mL	3.9–125.0 ng/mL	–	2016 [111]
CYFRA 21–1						364 pg/mL	3.9–62.5 ng/mL
NSE						370 pg/mL	3.9–62.5 ng/mL
AFP	Cancer	AuNPs and UCNPs	Aptamer	SERS Spectroscopy	Buffer	0.059 aM	1–100 aM	–	2017 [112]
Mucin-1	Cancer	AuNPs and UCNPs	Aptamer	SERS Spectroscopy	Buffer	4.1 aM	0.01–10 fM	–	2017 [112]
AFP	Cancer	Magnetic GQDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	0.06 pg/mL	0.2–680 pg/mL	–	2017 [113]
CA-125	Cancer	Magnetic GQDs	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	0.001 ng/mL	0.003–25 ng/mL	–	2017 [113]
AFP	Cancer	CdZnTeS QDs (+ Magnetic NPs)	Antibody	ECL Detection	Buffer	0.1 fg/mL	0.5–20 ng/mL	Serum (n = 3)	2018 [114]
CA-125	Cancer	CdZnTeS QDs (+ Magnetic NPs)	Antibody	ECL Detection	Buffer	0.03 mU/mL	0.1–500 U/mL	Serum (n = 3)	2018 [114]
cTnl	Heart Failure	Au@AgNPs (+ Magnetic NPs)	Antibody	SERS Spectroscopy	N/A	0.6396 ng/mL	0–100 ng/mL	Serum (n = 50)	2020 [115]
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein	Heart Failure	Au@AgNPs (+ Magnetic NPs)	Antibody	SERS Spectroscopy	N/A	0.0044 ng/mL	0–1 ng/mL	Serum (n = 50)	2020 [115]
CEA	Cancer	QD-encoded Polymer Microsphere	Antibody	Fluorescence Detection	N/A	0.138 ng/mL	N/A	–	2022 [116]
CA-125						1.60 KU/L	N/A
CA 19-9						0.92 KU/L	N/A
CA 72-4						1.06 KU/L	N/A
CA 125	Oral Cancer	AuNPs	Antibody	LSPR	Buffer	1.6 U/mL	5–320 U/mL	–	2022 [117]
CYFRA 21-1	Oral Cancer	AuNPs	Antibody	LSPR	Buffer	0.84 ng/mL	0.496–48.4 ng/mL	–	2022 [117]
CEA	Cancer	Porous Au–Ag NPs	Antibody	SERS Spectroscopy	N/A	1.22 × 10⁻⁸ ng/mL	10⁻⁷–10³ ng/mL	–	2023 [118]
AFP	Cancer	Porous Au–Ag NPs	Antibody	SERS Spectroscopy	N/A	2.47 × 10⁻⁵ ng/mL	10⁻⁴–10³ ng/mL	–	2023 [118]

^aThe healthy donors’ biofluids, which are utilized to make model samples by spiking known concentrations of target analytes (e.g., recovery tests), are excluded here. To avoid confusion, we added only the biofluids obtained from actual patients (i.e., unknown samples) as “clinical samples” in this table

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ISSN: 1756-8722

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