Table 5 The optical nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of peptide LB biomarkers
From: Optical nanomaterial-based detection of biomarkers in liquid biopsy
Biomarker | Disease | Optical nanomaterial | Biorecognition element | Detection method | Matrix | Limit of detection | Linear range | Clinical sample [a] | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta-Amyloid (1–42) | Alzheimer's Disease | AuNPs | N/A | LSPR | CSF | 1.5 pM | N/A | – | 2015 [127] |
Alzheimer's Disease | QDs (+ Magnetic Beads) | Antibody | Fluorescence Detection | Buffer | 0.2 nM | 0.5–8.0 nM | – | 2016 [128] | |
Alzheimer's Disease | AuNPs | Antibody | Colorimetric Detection | Buffer | 2.3 nM | 7.5–350 nM | – | 2017 [129] | |
Alzheimer's Disease | QDs | Antibody | Fluorescence Detection | Diluted CSF | 1.7 pM (7.6 pg/mL) | 5–100 pM (0.023–0.45 ng/mL) | – | 2018 [130] | |
Alzheimer's Disease | Pt@Au Triangular Nanorings | N/A | SERS Spectroscopy | Buffer | 0.045 pM | 0.1–1000 pM | CSF (n = 5) | 2021 [131] | |
Alzheimer's Disease | Au@AuNPs | N/A | SERS Spectroscopy | Salt-Containing Solution | 650 pg/mL | 0.04–8 ng/mL | – | 2023 [132] | |
CSF | 124 pg/mL | 347–629 pg/mL | |||||||
Beta-Amyloid (1–40) | Alzheimer's Disease | AuNPs | Antibody | LSPR | Buffer | 34.9 fM | 101–108 fM | – | 2018 [133] |
Beta-Amyloid (1–42) | Antibody | LSPR | Buffer | 26.0 fM | 101–108 fM | ||||
Beta-Amyloid (1–40) | Alzheimer's Disease | Si@Ag NPs (+ Magnetic Beads) | Antibody | SERS Spectroscopy | Buffer | 0.25 pg/mL | N/A | – | 2019 [134] |
Beta-Amyloid (1–42) | Antibody | SERS Spectroscopy | Buffer | 0.33 pg/mL | N/A | ||||
Beta-Amyloid Fibrils | Alzheimer's Disease | QDs | Benzotriazole (BTA) | Fluorescence Detection | Artificial CSF | 45 pM | 1 uM–20 uM | – | 2016 [135] |
Pt@Au Triangular Nanorings | N/A | SERS Spectroscopy | Buffer | 4 fM | 0.1–1000 pM | CSF (n = 5) | 2021 [131] | ||
Beta-Amyloid | Alzheimer's Disease | AuNPs | N/A | Fluorescence Detection | CSF | 100 fg/mL | 0.61–1 ng/mL | – | 2017 [136] |
Beta-Amyloid Oligomer | Alzheimer's Disease | AuNPs | Antibody | Fluorescence Detection | Media | 22.3 pM | 0.1–1.0 nM | – | 2020 [137] |
Alzheimer's Disease | UCNPs (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) | Zinc Zeolitic Imidazole Framework | Fluorescence Detection | Buffer | 28.4 pM | 100 pM–10 uM | – | 2021 [138] | |
Alzheimer's Disease | AgNPs | N/A | SERS Spectroscopy | Salt-Containing Solution | 15 pM | 10−8 − 10−4 M | – | 2023 [139] | |
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) | Heart Failure | AuNPs | Antibody | SPR Spectroscopy | Buffer | 25 pg/mL | 102–103 pg/mL | – | 2006 [140] |
N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) | Heart Failure | AuNRs and MWCNTs | Antibody | ECL Detection | Plasma | 3.86 fg/mL | 0.01 − 100 pg/mL | – | 2015 [141] |
Heart Failure | CoFe2O4@Au NPs and MOF-3@Au Tetrapods | Antibody | SERS Spectroscopy | N/A | 0.75 fg/mL | 0.001 − 1000 pg/mL | – | 2016 [141] | |
Heart Failure | UCNPs (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) | Antibody | LFA | Buffer | 116 ng/L | 50–35,000 ng/L | Blood/Serum (n = 91) | 2017 [142] | |
Heart Failure | MoS2@Cu2S-Au and MZnAgInS/ZnS@MOF Nanocrustals | Antibody | ECL Detection | Buffer | 0.41 fg/mL | 1 fg/mL–100 ng/mL | – | 2020 [143] | |
Heart Failure | Covalent Organic Framework@AuNPs (+ Magnetic NPs) | Antibody | Dynamic light scattering (DLS) | Diluted Blood (1/20) | 14 fg/mL | 0.32–1000 pg/mL | – | 2022 [144] |