Fig. 2

Intranasal immunization enhances T cell response. A UMAP plot of scRNA-seq displaying pulmonary T cell subsets at 0, 1, 7, and 30 days post intranasal immunization in mice (n = 3). B Proportion of T cell subsets in pulmonary tissue at indicated time-point. C Bubble plot showing the expression of T cell activation genes at 0 and 7 days post-immunization. D Representative flow plots depicting CD8⁺ memory T cells and Trm in pulmonary tissues. E The percentage of various T cell subsets in pulmonary tissue after vaccination (n = 8). F Analysis of TCR repertoires in pulmonary tissues by IR-seq (n = 5). Pie graph displaying the top10 V and J gene usages after 0 (left), 7 (middle), and 30 days (right) immunization. G TCR diversity based on CDR3 amino acid clonotypes (left), Chao1 (middle), d50 (right). H Rank abundance analysis of TCR clonotypes. I-K Bias analysis of CDR3 amino acid motif. L Heatmap hierarchical clustering of CDR3 amino acid sequences. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments