Table 1 Metabolic pathways in the macrophages
Metabolism pathway | M1 macrophage | M2 macrophage |
|---|---|---|
Glycolysis | Enhanced glycolysis | Glycolysis is crucial for M2 activation |
Amino acid metabolism | Upregulated iNOS | Upregulated Arginase-1 activity |
PPP | Increased PPP; increased NADH/NAD + ratio | Restricted PPP |
OXPHOS | Inhibited OXPHOS | Enhanced OXPHOS |
Lipid metabolism | Increased fatty acid synthase | Enhanced FAO |
TCA | Disrupted TCA | Elevated TCA |
Glutamine metabolism | No | Contributed to M2 activation |