Metabolism, metabolites, and macrophages in cancer

Table 2 Metabolites in macrophage metabolic reprogramming

Metabolites	Changes	Changes in macrophage polarization	Functions in environment
Glucose		Increased in M1; Decreased in M2
Pyruvate	Increased	M2
Lactate	Increased	M2	Tumour-promoting
Cholesterol	Decreased	M2	Tumour-promoting
Triglyceride	Decreased	M2	Tumour-promoting
Diglyceride	Increased	M2	Tumour-promoting
Free fatty acid	Increased	M2	Tumour-promoting
α-ketoglutarate	Increased	M2	Immunosuppressive
Succinate	Increased	M1
Citrate	Increased	M1
Itaconate	Increased	M1

ISSN: 1756-8722