Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Blade J, Merlini G, Mateos M-V, Kumar S, Hillengass J, Kastritis E, Richardson P, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:e538–48.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dimopoulos MA, Moulopoulos LA, Maniatis A, Alexanian R. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Blood. 2000;96:2037–44.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liebross RH, Ha CS, Cox JD, Weber D, Delasalle K, Alexanian R. Clinical course of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Radiother Oncol. 1999;52:245–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nahi H, Genell A, Walinder G, Uttervall K, Juliusson G, Karin F, Hansson M, Svensson R, Linder O, Carlson K, et al. Incidence, characteristics, and outcome of solitary plasmacytoma and plasma cell leukemia. Population-based data from the Swedish Myeloma Register. Eur J Haematol. 2017;99:216–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ozsahin M, Tsang RW, Poortmans P, Belkacemi Y, Bolla M, Dincbas FO, Landmann C, Castelain B, Buijsen J, Curschmann J, et al. Outcomes and patterns of failure in solitary plasmacytoma: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study of 258 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;64:210–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kilciksiz S, Karakoyun-Celik O, Agaoglu FY, Haydaroglu A. A review for solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Sci World J. 2012;2012:6.
Article
Google Scholar
Weber DM. Solitary bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. ASH Education Program Book. 2005;2005:373–6.
Google Scholar
Bink K, Haralambieva E, Kremer M, Ott G, Beham-Schmid C, de Leval L, Peh SC, Laeng HR, Jütting U, Hutzler P, et al. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma: similarities with and differences from multiple myeloma revealed by interphase cytogenetics. Haematologica. 2008;93:623–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boll M, Parkins E, O’Connor SJM, Rawstron AC, Owen RG. Extramedullary plasmacytoma are characterized by a ‘myeloma-like’ immunophenotype and genotype and occult bone marrow involvement. Br J Haematol. 2010;151:525–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hill QA, Rawstron AC, de Tute RM, Owen RG. Outcome prediction in plasmacytoma of bone: a risk model utilizing bone marrow flow cytometry and light-chain analysis. Blood. 2014;124:1296–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paiva B, Chandia M, Vidriales M-B, Colado E, Caballero-Velázquez T, Escalante F, Garcia de Coca A, Montes M-C, Garcia-Sanz R, Ocio EM, et al. Multiparameter flow cytometry for staging of solitary bone plasmacytoma: new criteria for risk of progression to myeloma. Blood. 2014;124:1300–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dimopoulos MA, Pouli A, Anagnostopoulos A, Repoussis P, Symeonidis A, Terpos E, Delimbasi S, Tsolakis F, Economopoulos T, Zervas C. Macrofocal multiple myeloma in young patients: a distinct entity with favorable prognosis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47:1553–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Dongen JJM, Lhermitte L, Bottcher S, Almeida J, van der Velden VHJ, Flores-Montero J, Rawstron A, Asnafi V, Lecrevisse Q, Lucio P, et al. EuroFlow antibody panels for standardized n-dimensional flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal, reactive and malignant leukocytes. Leukemia. 2012;26:1908–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rodallec MH, Feydy A, Larousserie F, Anract P, Campagna R, Babinet A, Zins M, Drape JL. Diagnostic imaging of solitary tumors of the spine: what to do and say. Radiographics. 2008;28:1019–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Caers J, Withofs N, Hillengass J, Simoni P, Zamagni E, Hustinx R, Beguin Y. The role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and follow up of multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2014;99:629–37.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Edelstyn GA, Gillespie PJ, Grebbell FS. The radiological demonstration of osseous metastases. Experimental observations. Clin Radiol. 1967;18:158–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hur J, Yoon CS, Ryu YH, Yun MJ, Suh JS. Efficacy of multidetector row computed tomography of the spine in patients with multiple myeloma: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2007;31:342–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baur-Melnyk A, Buhmann S, Becker C, Schoenberg SO, Lang N, Bartl R, Reiser MF. Whole-body MRI versus whole-body MDCT for staging of multiple myeloma. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:1097–104.
Article
Google Scholar
Gleeson TG, Moriarty J, Shortt CP, Gleeson JP, Fitzpatrick P, Byrne B, McHugh J, O'Connell M, O'Gorman P, Eustace SJ. Accuracy of whole-body low-dose multidetector CT (WBLDCT) versus skeletal survey in the detection of myelomatous lesions, and correlation of disease distribution with whole-body MRI (WBMRI). Skelet Radiol. 2009;38:225–36.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kropil P, Fenk R, Fritz LB, Blondin D, Kobbe G, Modder U, Cohnen M. Comparison of whole-body 64-slice multidetector computed tomography and conventional radiography in staging of multiple myeloma. Eur Radiol. 2008;18:51–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horger M, Claussen CD, Bross-Bach U, Vonthein R, Trabold T, Heuschmid M, Pfannenberg C. Whole-body low-dose multidetector row-CT in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma: an alternative to conventional radiography. Eur J Radiol. 2005;54:289–97.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Terpos E, Kleber M, Engelhardt M, Zweegman S, Gay F, Kastritis E, van de Donk NWCJ, Bruno B, Sezer O, Broijl A, et al. European Myeloma Network guidelines for the management of multiple myeloma-related complications. Haematologica. 2015;100:1254–66.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moulopoulos LA, Dimopoulos MA, Weber D, Fuller L, Libshitz HI, Alexanian R. Magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of solitary plasmacytoma of bone. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:1311–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liebross RH, Ha CS, Cox JD, Weber D, Delasalle K, Alexanian R. Solitary bone plasmacytoma: outcome and prognostic factors following radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;41:1063–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dimopoulos MA, Hillengass J, Usmani S, Zamagni E, Lentzsch S, Davies FE, Raje N, Sezer O, Zweegman S, Shah J, et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus statement. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:657–64.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fouquet G, Guidez S, Herbaux C, Van de Wyngaert Z, Bonnet S, Beauvais D, Demarquette H, Adib S, Hivert B, Wemeau M, et al. Impact of initial FDG-PET/CT and serum-free light chain on transformation of conventionally defined solitary plasmacytoma to multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:3254–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nanni C, Rubello D, Zamagni E, Castellucci P, Ambrosini V, Montini G, Cavo M, Lodi F, Pettinato C, Grassetto G, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in myeloma with presumed solitary plasmocytoma of bone. In Vivo. 2008;22:513–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schirrmeister H, Buck AK, Bergmann L, Reske SN, Bommer M. Positron emission tomography (PET) for staging of solitary plasmacytoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2003;18:841–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim PJ, Hicks RJ, Wirth A, Ryan G, Seymour JF, Prince HM, Mac Manus MP. Impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography before and after definitive radiation therapy in patients with apparently solitary plasmacytoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74:740–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salaun P-Y, Gastinne T, Frampas E, Bodet-Milin C, Moreau P, Bodéré-Kraeber F: FDG-positron-emission tomography for staging and therapeutic assessment in patients with plasmacytoma. 2008.
Google Scholar
Albano D, Bosio G, Treglia G, Giubbini R, Bertagna F. 18F–FDG PET/CT in solitary plasmacytoma: metabolic behavior and progression to multiple myeloma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45(1):77-84.
Cavo M, Terpos E, Nanni C, Moreau P, Lentzsch S, Zweegman S, Hillengass J, Engelhardt M, Usmani SZ, Vesole DH, et al. Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders: a consensus statement by the International Myeloma Working Group. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:e206–17.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alexiou C, Kau RJ, Dietzfelbinger H, Kremer M, Spieß JC, Schratzenstaller B, Arnold W. Extramedullary plasmacytoma. Cancer. 1999;85:2305–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Galieni P, Cavo M, Pulsoni A, Avvisati G, Bigazzi C, Neri S, Caliceti U, Benni M, Ronconi S, Lauria F: Clinical outcome of extramedullary plasmacytoma. 2000.
Google Scholar
Dores GM, Landgren O, McGlynn KA, Curtis RE, Linet MS, Devesa SS. Plasmacytoma of bone, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma: incidence and survival in the United States, 1992–2004. Br J Haematol. 2009;144:86–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Waal EG, Leene M, Veeger N, Vos HJ, Ong F, Smit WG, Hovenga S, Hoogendoorn M, Hogenes M, Beijert M, et al. Progression of a solitary plasmacytoma to multiple myeloma. A population-based registry of the northern Netherlands. Br J Haematol. 2016;175:661–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Warsame R, Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Kyle RA, Buadi F, Dingli D, Greipp PR, Hayman SR, Kumar SK, Lust JA, et al. Trends and outcomes of modern staging of solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Am J Hematol. 2012;87:647–51.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dispenzieri A, Kyle R, Merlini G, Miguel JS, Ludwig H, Hajek R, Palumbo A, Jagannath S, Blade J, Lonial S, Dimopoulos M, Comenzo R, Einsele H, Barlogie B, Anderson K, Gertz M, Harousseau JL, Attal M, Tosi P, Sonneveld P, Boccadoro M, Morgan G, Richardson P, Sezer O, Mateos MV, Cavo M, Joshua D, Turesson I, Chen W, Shimizu K, Powles R, Rajkumar SV, Durie BG, International Myeloma Working Group. International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Leukemia. 2009;23(2):215-24.
Caers J, Vekemans M-C, Bries G, Beel K, Delrieu V, Deweweire A, Demuynck H, De Prijck B, De Samblanx H, Kentos A, et al. Diagnosis and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance; information for referring physicians. Ann Med. 2013;45:413–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Susnerwala SS, Shanks JH, Banerjee SS, Scarffe JH, Farrington WT, Slevin NJ. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck region: clinicopathological correlation in 25 cases. Br J Cancer. 1997;75:921–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kumar S, Fonseca R, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Lust JA, Wellik L, Witzig TE, Gertz MA, Kyle RA, Greipp PR, Rajkumar SV: Prognostic value of angiogenesis in solitary bone plasmacytoma. 2003.
Google Scholar
Wilder RB, Ha CS, Cox JD, Weber D, Delasalle K, Alexanian R. Persistence of myeloma protein for more than one year after radiotherapy is an adverse prognostic factor in solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Cancer. 2002;94:1532–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holland J, Trenkner DA, Wasserman TH, Fineberg B. Plasmacytoma. Treatment results and conversion to myeloma. Cancer. 1992;69:1513–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dingli D, Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV, Nowakowski GS, Larson DR, Bida JP, Gertz MA, Therneau TM, Melton LJ 3rd, Dispenzieri A, Katzmann JA. Immunoglobulin free light chains and solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Blood. 2006;108:1979–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kilciksiz S, Celik OK, Pak Y, Demiral AN, Pehlivan M, Orhan O, Tokatli F, Agaoglu F, Zincircioglu B, Atasoy BM, et al. Clinical and prognostic features of plasmacytomas: a multicenter study of Turkish Oncology Group-Sarcoma Working Party. Am J Hematol. 2008;83:702–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knobel D, Zouhair A, Tsang RW, Poortmans P, Belkacemi Y, Bolla M, Oner FD, Landmann C, Castelain B, Ozsahin M. Prognostic factors in solitary plasmacytoma of the bone: a multicenter Rare Cancer Network study. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:118.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tsang RW, Gospodarowicz MK, Pintilie M, Bezjak A, Wells W, Hodgson DC, Stewart AK. Solitary plasmacytoma treated with radiotherapy: impact of tumor size on outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;50:113–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reed V, Shah J, Medeiros LJ, Ha CS, Mazloom A, Weber DM, Arzu IY, Orlowski RZ, Thomas SK, Shihadeh F, et al. Solitary plasmacytomas: outcome and prognostic factors after definitive radiation therapy. Cancer. 2011;117:4468–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soutar R, Lucraft H, Jackson G, Reece A, Bird J, Low E, Samson D. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of solitary plasmacytoma of bone and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Br J Haematol. 2004;124:717–26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aviles A, Huerta-Guzman J, Delgado S, Fernandez A, Diaz-Maqueo JC. Improved outcome in solitary bone plasmacytomata with combined therapy. Hematol Oncol. 1996;14:111–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shih LY, Dunn P, Leung WM, Chen WJ, Wang PN. Localised plasmacytomas in Taiwan: comparison between extramedullary plasmacytoma and solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Br J Cancer. 1995;71:128–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bolek TW, Marcus RB Jr, Mendenhall NP. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and soft tissue. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;36:329–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jantunen E, Koivunen E, Putkonen M, Siitonen T, Juvonen E, Nousiainen T. Autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with high-risk plasmacytoma. Eur J Haematol. 2005;74:402–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Terpos E, Morgan G, Dimopoulos MA, Drake MT, Lentzsch S, Raje N, Sezer O, García-Sanz R, Shimizu K, Turesson I, et al. International Myeloma Working Group recommendations for the treatment of multiple myeloma–related bone disease. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:2347–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Musto P, Petrucci MT, Bringhen S, Guglielmelli T, Caravita T, Bongarzoni V, Andriani A, D’Arena G, Balleari E, Pietrantuono G, et al. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing zoledronic acid versus observation in patients with asymptomatic myeloma. Cancer. 2008;113:1588–95.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Durie BG, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, Blade J, Barlogie B, Anderson K, Gertz M, Dimopoulos M, Westin J, Sonneveld P, et al. International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2006;20:1467–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45:228–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rajkumar SV, Harousseau JL, Durie B, Anderson KC, Dimopoulos M, Kyle R, Blade J, Richardson P, Orlowski R, Siegel D, et al. Consensus recommendations for the uniform reporting of clinical trials: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 1. Blood. 2011;117:4691–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Caers J, Fernandez de Larrea C, Leleu X, Heusschen R, Zojer N, Decaux O, Kastritis E, Minnema M, Jurczyszyn A, Beguin Y, et al. The changing landscape of smoldering multiple myeloma: a European perspective. Oncologist. 2016;21:333–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mateos M-V, Hernández M-T, Giraldo P, de la Rubia J, de Arriba F, Corral LL, Rosiñol L, Paiva B, Palomera L, Bargay J, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:438–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katodritou E, Terpos E, Symeonidis AS, Pouli A, Kelaidi C, Kyrtsonis MC, Kotsopoulou M, Delimpasi S, Christoforidou A, Giannakoulas N, et al. Clinical features, outcome, and prognostic factors for survival and evolution to multiple myeloma of solitary plasmacytomas: a report of the Greek myeloma study group in 97 patients. Am J Hematol. 2014;89:803–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frassica DA, Frassica FJ, Schray MF, Sim FH, Kyle RA. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: Mayo Clinic experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989;16:43–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bachar G, Goldstein D, Brown D, Tsang R, Lockwood G, Perez-Ordonez B, Irish J. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck—long-term outcome analysis of 68 cases. Head Neck. 2008;30:1012–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar